This piece “There’s No Free Market At America’s Airports” (thanks Drink Tank) argues, amongst other things:
The only time the airline industry had a degree of stability and profitability was during the years it was run by the Civil Aeronautics Board, the government agency that set ticket prices and assigned routes to airlines. The C.A.B. was stodgy—it failed to run the industry so that people of moderate means could afford to fly, and it generally lacked imagination, flexibility and even a hint of daring—so it was pulled down in the late 1970’s by people screaming that the free market could do it better.
In some ways, they were right: The market did do it better than the C.A.B., but you can’t really, really, really have a free market in an industry dependent on the government. And so, in the end, unrestricted free-marketism will kill the industry for lack of investors, chaos, customer cruelty and skies dyed crimson from the red ink.
Dropping subsidies out of an industry that is so heavily subsidised would certainly decimate it, as their business models would be based on the current combination of regulations and subsidies that the government offers/enforces. In these situations the benefits are clear - if done properly, whatever replaced the old order would be more efficient, competitive, etc. etc.
So should we advocate and encourage reforms with such enormous transaction costs? My argument about Telstra raises the same issue - if enacted, the industry would be devasted, but what erose out of that devastation would be immeasurably better.
Policy perscriptions like these are probably not that useful for a government which would be too afraid of the numbers of temporarily unemployed workers who could point to the radical reform and cry ‘the government threw away my job!’. But that doesn’t mean they are useless. By illustrating the benefits of pro-market reforms in one sector, these arguments help bolster the argument that market processes are viable in all sectors of the economy.
And you can only hope that a government comes along occasionally who is prepared to do the big, thankless reforms.